Code: g++ --g -c ErrorH.cpp -o ErrorH.o ErrorH.cpp: In static member function "static ErrorH& ErrorH::Instance()": ErrorH.cpp:9: error: invalid initialization of non-const reference of type "ErrorH&" from a temporary of type "ErrorH" make: *** [ErrorH.o] Error 1
This code works on Windows, how can I get it to work on Linux?
I'm doing a refresher for C++ and have gotten to operator overloading. I'm trying to perform an operator overload with the insertion (<<) operator, but I have encountered a problem.
Here's my class [In a header file "Shinigami.h"]
#include<string> namespace K{ class Quincy; class Shinigami{ friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Shinigami&);
[Code] .....
If the operator function is a friend of the 'Shinigami' class, why doesn't it recognize any of it's private members? I need it to be in this file because I'm doing a bit of association with the 'Quincy' class.
I thought it was the namespace, but I included that.
"A nested class has free access to all the static members of the enclosing class. All the instance members can be accessed through an object of the enclosing class type, or a pointer or reference to an object."
How can the members be accessed through an object of the enclosing class type? I understand the pointer and reference part because for them you dont need the full definition, but for creating a object you do?
Also it has free access to all static members because the nested class is part of the enclosed class and with static it exists in everything inside the enclosing class? Right or am I missing something?
Say I have a class that requires dynamic allocation to implement a few of the operators. Take "+" for example; I need to create a new object to hold the sum of the two parameters whose size is not known at compile time.
I'm pretty sure the standard way to indicate a failure inside the overloading function would be to throw an exception. However I am currently involved in an embedded(ish) project where the spec. says no exceptions are to be used.
I think I have 2 options:
1. Return an "invalid" object (with a flag indicating an error has occurred) and check for this after each operation.
a = b + c if (a.err) // handle error or
2. To forsake operator overloading entirely and think up a new way of doing things where all functions that involve dynamic allocation can return error codes. but this seems rather terrible too as I may end up with something like:
objA a if (add(&a, b, c) == -1) // assuming b and c are initialized before this snippet starts // handle error
Is there a number 3 that I haven't thought of? It seems that not allowing exceptions is fairly common even in the non-embedded world [URL] so how is this normally done? or is operator overloading usually avoided when exceptions are not allowed?
We're trying to overload the delete[] operator with specific arguments. Which is the right way to call it? We use the GNU compiler and obtain compiler errors with all of these samples:
#include<iostream> using namespace std; typedef unsigned int P;
I'm trying to come up with the union of two Vector ADT bags, so I have to overload the '+' operator, but I'm getting a bunch of error messages saying:
VectorBag.cpp: In instantiation of ‘VectorBag<ItemType> VectorBag<ItemType>::operator+(VectorBag<ItemType>) [with ItemType = int]’: proj2.cpp:161:42: required from here VectorBag.cpp:81:24: error: no match for ‘operator[]’ (operand types are ‘VectorBag<int>’ and ‘int’) newBag.add(anotherBag[i]); ^ Here is the function to overload the operator:
template<class ItemType> VectorBag<ItemType> VectorBag<ItemType>::operator+(VectorBag<ItemType> anotherBag) { VectorBag<ItemType> newBag; for (int i = 0; i < anotherBag.getCurrentSize(); i++) newBag.add(anotherBag[i]); }
The add() function is pre-defined by me somewhere else in the code. It basically does push_back().
I want to overload prefix and postfix increment(++) operators with friend function. I also have to use the constructors for this. How can I do this? in C++
i am doing some practice problems and i can't seem to figure out how to do this. basically we have a students number of test scores, then the name followed by the scores they have in a text file. Then we have to make a class with a constructor, copy constructor, destructor, and overload the = operator and the input and output operator. Are we suppose to call the text file in the input overload operator?
Here is what i have so far.
This is my header file.
#ifndef STUDENTTESTSCORES_H #define STUDENTTESTSCORES_H #include <string> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class StudentTestScores{ private: string studentName;
[Code]...
i am 100% sure the overloading the input is wrong
here is the implementation of the constructor copy constructor and desctructor
#include <iostream> #include "StudentTestScores.h" using namespace std; StudentTestScores::StudentTestScores(string name = "", int numScores = 0) { studentName = name; numTestScores = numScores; if (numScores <= 0) testScores = NULL; else
[Code]...
and here is the notepad file
3 Justin Bieber491.469.184.681.081.5 Miley Cyrus380.080.090.083.3 Kim K490.575.661.481.677.2
The program is suppose to use all the information and read from the notepad and output the exact things as the notepad file
Consider the class specification below. Write the prototype (i.e. header) of a member function to overload the insertion operator (i.e. <<). The << operator is to output the data members of an instance of class StudentTestScores into an output stream. Your definition should allow for chaining of output operations (e.g. cout << x << y; where x and y are of type StduentTestScires).
#include <string> using namespace std; class StudentTestScores{ private: string studentName; float *testScores; // used to point to an array of test scores int numTestScores; // number of test scores
The problem with that is that string.data isn't considered const during the initialization of the String struct so the compiler throws an error. It doesn't feel very elegant to do it like this either way.
Is there an elegant solution to this problem? I would like to avoid making a copy of the string literal.
Classes can be defined not only with keyword class, but also with keywords struct and union.
The concepts of class and data structure are so similar that both keywords (struct and class) can be used in C++ to declare classes (i.e. structs can also have function members in C++, not only data members). The only difference between both is that members of classes declared with the keyword struct have public access by default, while members of classes declared with the keyword class have private access. For all other purposes both keywords are equivalent.
The concept of unions is different from that of classes declared with struct and class, since unions only store one data member at a time, but nevertheless they are also classes and can thus also hold function members. The default access in union classes is public.
The above is a statement taken from a C++ tutorial. So I understand classes a bit better now but the above quote doesnt make too much sense. Is it saying that you can have a class within a class?
I'm currently finishing up an assignment that was half written by my professor. Below in the testGrades section of code there are two errors both are the same message.
Error: no matching function for call to Grades:: Grades(const char [15])
Test Grades
//Purpose: Test program for the class Grades // Create stu1 Grades object // Add 5 grades to stu1 - only 3 can be stored in stu1 - other 2 discarded // Create stu2 Grades object // Add only 2 grades
I am getting a compilation error from the code below. It is when i am naming a variable with my user defined type.
#include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include<cstdlib> using namespace std; class person {
[Code] .....
C:Dev-CppTRIAL.PASS.!!!.cpp In function `int main()': 66 C:Dev-CppTRIAL.PASS.!!!.cpp expected primary-expression before "p" 66 C:Dev-CppTRIAL.PASS.!!!.cpp expected `;' before "p" 74 C:Dev-CppTRIAL.PASS.!!!.cpp `p' undeclared (first use this function) (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in.) 83 C:Dev-CppTRIAL.PASS.!!!.cpp `X' undeclared (first use this function)
i am writing this bank accounts program using structures. i haven't implemented the function before that i want to check if the data is being read and printed. When i build and run the program in visual studio it gives me the following error. "No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution was ambiguous". Now whats wrong in this program?
/* Bank Accounts Program */ #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream> #include <cstdlib>//needed to use system() function using namespace std; const int MAX_NUM = 50; struct Name{
In the first one I define a struct. In the second I declare/create a new class called mms and I include "def.h". The third one is the cpp file of the class and I include in it "mms.h" (no, I don't include in it "def.h"). The fourth and last has the 'main' and I include in it "mms.h"
For some reason I'm getting the "error: lnk2005 alread defined ..." I know it usually has to do with putting some header file or definitions twice but I can't see where I got wrong.
Since the signal function is also in file signal.h and I included it in "my_sygnal.h" file, I'm wondering why the compiler did not say anything about this "double declaration" of the function with the same name.