C++ :: Class Definitions Have Interwoven Dependency
Mar 29, 2013
I have an exercise from my text that defines a StrBlob class, then a StrBlobPtr class to hold weak pointers to the StrBlobs. This is from C++ Primer (5th Edition) and coincidentally, the entire chapter is available on-line at here.
My problem is that the begin and end functions of StrBlob can't be defined until the entire StrBlobPtr class is defined. Forward declarations don't cut it, since begin and end need more than pointers.
The solution (if you also look at the errata for the book) seems to be to define StrBlob, leave begin and end undefined, then full define StrBlobPtr, and following that, finally define StrBlob::begin() and StrBlob::end().
Anyhow, the above works, as I show in the included code below - but it seems like a hack and messy. What would be the proper way to do this? My text may be obfuscating the issue in the pursuit of pedagogy.
Additionally, how would one separate StrBlob and StrBlobPtr into there own headers? I'd think it impossible, since the StrBlob would have to nestle an "#include "StrBlobPtr.hpp" in the center of it's own definition...?
Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
class StrBlobPtr; // Forward declaration
[Code]....
As I said, the above works (compiles, haven't -tested- it extensively) but it seems messy.
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Aug 7, 2014
What is dependency in Makefile.
Secondly I have made Makefile but cannot use make -f . How to use it?
Third what is make [OPTION] [TARGET]
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Jan 23, 2014
I have ran into some sort of Circular dependency between two classes.
Forward declaration doesn't work as I'm allocating the memory for pointer array of Student and it requires the default constructor.
P.S I'm aware I haven't written the BIG 3, it's an incomplete code. Just want to know how to resolve this dependency.
class Student;
class Course {
char *name;
Student *s[3];
[Code].....
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Nov 7, 2013
Today I faced a problem where I had circular dependency in my template arguments. I was trying to make a class hierarchy similar to:
template<class BType>
class A_base {
public:
BType* getB();
};
[Code] .....
Basically I had objects that were of type A<B<A<B<...
Basically I have a tree like structure of heterogeneous types that must facilitate two-way interactions where A's can call B's and B's can call A's. This structure is useful in many contexts the difference is the methods A and B provide are different in each of these contexts. Instead of adding the getA and getB and all the other connectivity methods in every version of A and every version of B, I wanted to create a base class that managed this automatically.
Another piece of advice was break up your code so there is a forward-only and backwards-only dependent types. This is not a complete solution because the two cannot know about the other and this does not really facilitate arbitrary two-way communication (where A calls B then B calls A back). It also makes the code more complicated in that I have two sets of objects and interfaces.
So the solution was to make the template arguments specific to the things I wanted to be flexible. The connectivity interface of A_base and B_base should be constant. Hence that cannot be in the template parameter. It was merely the traits that I wanted to make flexible so... I came up with this solution:
#include <iostream>
template<class aTraitType,class bTraitType>
class A;
template<class aTraitType,class bTraitType>
class B;
[Code] ....
Now this compiles and works great. The problem is that aObj and bObj cannot call their opposite within a trait method because print() does not know anything about the connectivity. So the solution there was to make traits an abstract base class. Then magically everything works!
#include <iostream>
template<class aTraitType,class bTraitType>
class A_base;
template<class aTraitType,class bTraitType>
class B_base;
[Code] .....
So this outputs the following. Clearly there is two-way communication!
Class A is not connected to B
Class B is not connected to A
Class A at 0x7fff25d1aa10 reporting for duty
Class B at 0x7fff25d1aa00 reporting for duty
Class B at 0x7fff25d1aa00 reporting for duty
Class A at 0x7fff25d1aa10 reporting for duty
Class A at 0x7fff25d1aa10 reporting for duty
Class B at 0x7fff25d1aa00 reporting for duty
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Feb 6, 2014
I have function that returns historical data. I can access it, using file name. If I use file name, it reads that file and saves it to dictionary, so that in the future, if historical data is required for the same file, it does not read it again (it's lazy loading). If no file is supplied to the function, it tries to read file which is given in app settings.
However, for unit testing, I do not want to read any file. Instead, I want it to use small sample of hardcoded historical data. In order to do that, I think, I need to introduce interface to it. Then I can use some IoC to choose between different implementation for unit testing purpose and ordinary launch of application.
Function to get history is given as follows:
public static class Auxiliary
{
private static Dictionary<string, MyData> _myData;
public static MyData GetData(string fileName = null)
{
// ...
}
}
I have created default Unit Test project with Visual Studio so, as far as I know, by default it uses MSTest as test runner and MSUnit as unit testing framework but it does not have any IoC container so I should manage NuGet packages for solution and install Unity.
As far as I know, MSUnit (aka Moles) can unit test static methods (it's unconstrained isolation framework, like Typemock Isolator, unlike NUnit) but still many people suggest not to use any static methods for unit testing.
Should I use shim or stub [URL] Stubs should be used for faking external dependencies and here it is not external library, but my own code.
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Feb 16, 2012
I am trying to build an application that has one static library dependency, however I am getting this error when linking:
1>ClCompile:
1> All outputs are up-to-date.
1>LINK : fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'TestWrapperLib.obj'
Why I might be getting that? I have the .lib in the depends line, and the directory where it is at in the include line.
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May 15, 2013
When compiling the source I get the following error
"pms_program.h:54:56: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘CourseType’"
the code you are looking for in pms_course.h ( there is a circular dependency between pms.h , pms_course.h and pms_program.h)
function prototype AppendProgram ( part of doubly linked list )
I have attached the full course code.
As much as I like I cannot change the structure of the startup code ...
please see attached zip file for the entire source code.
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Apr 28, 2014
I was trying to make this program using function and everything seemed to be going great....until I compiled. This is just a project I want to work on myself. It's going to be more than what it is now.
I received next errors:
Compiling...
700Dlg.cpp
E:CPP700700Dlg.cpp(65) : error C2601: 'KeyEvent' : local function definitions are illegal
E:CPP700700Dlg.cpp(106) : error C2601: 'MsgLoop' : local function definitions are illegal
E:CPP700700Dlg.cpp(115) : error C2601: 'KeyLogger' : local function definitions are illegal
E:CPP700700Dlg.cpp(142) : error C2601: 'main' : local function definitions are illegal
Error executing cl.exe.
[Code] .....
I need load keylogger code by MFC Dialog. How I can do it ?
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Feb 27, 2014
I am using a library X that has functions x,y,z plus some others. also i am using a library Y that has those same functions (x,y,z) plus some others. (so both libraries have certain objects that are shared). libraries are designed to do different things and i need them both . However when i load them both i get
sem.c.text+0x2c10): multiple definition of `upper'
...
errors.
libraries are big and rewriting is not an option for me. Question: how do i bypass this problem?
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Apr 23, 2014
Is there a difference in member functions depending on whether they are defined with a qualified ID? For example:
class test {
public:
int foo()//defined here {
return 0;
} int bar();
};
int test::bar() {
return 0;
}
Is there a difference in foo and bar other than their names?
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Mar 6, 2015
Code:
#include <iostream.h>
void showMenu();
void showFees (double, int);
void main()
[Code] .....
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Oct 18, 2014
where are operators defined in C/C++? in headers or compiled code?
looking for the definition of how % modulus is calulated
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Jul 4, 2013
When I try to compile a single file with GCC (I'm using Code::Blocks as my IDE if that is relevant) it gives me a bunch of undefined reference errors. Well, of course they are undefined since I haven't linked anything yet, but why is GCC complaining at compiling time?
The problem is that when I try to link and compile the project in one go I don't get any errors. The references in question are from the GLEW library if that is relevant.
srccharrenderer.o:charrenderer.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteBuffers'|
srccharrenderer.o:charrenderer.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glewDeleteBuffers'|
srccharrenderer.o:charrenderer.cpp|| undefined reference to `glEnableClientState@4'|
srccharrenderer.o:charrenderer.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glewBindBuffer'|
srccharrenderer.o:charrenderer.cpp|| undefined reference to `glVertexPointer@16'|
[Code] ....
Here are all the errors I get.
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Mar 23, 2014
I am compiling and every time I get this error on this line ....
#include "r3dPCH.h"
#include "r3d.h"
#include "r3dBackgroundTaskDispatcher.h"
#include "d3dfont.h"
#include "GameCommon.h"
#include "Gameplay_Params.h"
#include "UIHUD_TPSGame.h"
#include "ObjectsCode/AI/AI_Player.h"
[Code] .....
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May 10, 2012
I have some problems with this code i keep getting the error C2601: local function definitions are illegal.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int col;
int row;
int i;
int count;
char Area[99][99];
[Code] .....
Errorerror C1075: end of file found before the left brace '{' at ...69
Error1error C2601: 'SetField' : local function definitions are illegal17
Error2error C2601: 'KillNieghbors' : local function definitions are illegal31
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Jul 3, 2014
There are two ways to access the members of class A inside class B:
1) Making an instance of class A in class B
2) Deriving class B from class A
So what is the basic difference in both ways as we can do same kind of work with both ways?
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Jan 21, 2013
The case is like
class B{
public:
somedata;
somefunction();
}
class A{
public:
data;
function();
}
in somefunction i want a pointer to current object of class A m new to c++
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Mar 30, 2013
Say I have 3 classes:
class Player {
public:
virtual func1();
[code]....
Say in my main class, I have a function fight(Player p1, Player p2) and I would like to do something like this in the fight function, given that p1 is the human and p2 is the computer:
//function fight()
fight(Player p1, Player p2) {
p1.func2();
}
//using function fight()
fight(human, computer);
When I compile the program, I got this: error: ‘class Player’ has no member named 'func2()' What can I do to allow p1 to call func2 inside fight()? I'm not allowed to use pointers as the parameter for fight() and have to use the signature fight(Player p1, Player p2).
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Jan 21, 2014
The compiler creates virtual table for the base class and also for the derived class whether we override it or not.
That means each class has separate virtual table. when we get the size of the each class with out any data members... the size of base is -- 4 bytes(64 bit) and the size of derived is -- 1
The size of base class 4 is correct since it creates the virtual pointer internally and its size is member data + virtual pointer, but it in this case I have included any data members so it has given 4 byts.
But why in case of derived is 1 byte, since it the derived class has overridden the virtual function from base, this will also contains the virtual pointer which will be pointing to derived class Vtable, it the size of the class suppose to be 4 instead of 1 byte.
#include<iostream>
class A{
public:
[Code].....
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Apr 26, 2014
I have my main.cpp like this:
#include <iostream>
#include "curve1.h"
#include "curve2.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
Curve1 curve1Obj;
Curve2 curve2Obj;
[Code]...
Base class Score has two derived classes Curve1 and Curve2. There are two curve() functions, one is in Curve1 and other in Curve2 classes. getSize() returns the value of iSize.
My base class header score.h looks like this:
#ifndef SCORE_H
#define SCORE_H
class Score {
private:
int *ipScore;
float fAverage;
int iSize;
[Code]...
You can see that I have used curve1Obj to enter scores, calculate average and output. So if I call getSize() function with cuve1Obj, it gives the right size that I took from user in enterScores() function. Also the result is same if I call getSize() in score.cpp definition file in any of the functions (obviously).
.....
The problem is when I call curve() function of Curve2 class in main (line 23) with the object curve2Obj, it creates a new set of ipScore, fAverage and iSize (i think?) with garbage values. So when I call getSize() in curve() definition in curve2.cpp, it outputs the garbage. .....
How can I cause it to return the old values that are set in curve1.cpp?
Here is my curve2.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "curve2.h"
using namespace std;
void Curve2::curve() {
cout << "getSize() returns: " << getSize() << endl; // out comes the garbage
}
Can I use a function to simply put values from old to new variables? If yes then how?
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Oct 7, 2014
How to initialize a static member of a class with template, which type is related to a nested class?
This code works (without nested class):
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct B{
B(){cout<<"here"<<endl;}
};
template<typename Z>
[Code] ,....
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Dec 10, 2012
Linker error.
First off the error
Code:
Error1error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall ReachTop<class Character>::ReachTop<class Character>(class Character *)" (??0?$ReachTop@VCharacter@@@@QAE@PAVCharacter@@@Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl `dynamic initializer for 'gReachTop''(void)" (??__EgReachTop@@YAXXZ)Main.objDecisionTest
Reach Top class inherits from Goal Class
Goal Class
Code:
#ifndef _GOAL_H
#define _GOAL_H
#include "Action.h"
#include <list>
template <class T>
class Goal
[Code] ....
Code to create
Code:
Character* gCharacter = new Character(1, gWorld);
Goal<Character>* gReachTop = new ReachTop<Character>(gCharacter);
I can provide the character class and its inheritance aswell if you like.
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Mar 21, 2015
In this book, item 3 is about never treat arrays polymorphically. In the latter part of this item, the author talks about the result of deleting an array of derived class objects through a base class pointer is undefined. What does it mean? I have an example here,
Code:
class B
{
public:
B():_y(1){}
virtual ~B() {
cout<<"~B()"<<endl;
[Code] ....
This sample code does exactly what I want. So does the author mean the way I did is undefined?
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Jan 16, 2013
Please consider the following code :
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class superclass;
class subclass1;
class subclass2;
[Code] ....
As you can see I want to create a dynamically allocated storage of references to a parent class each of which can then point to a child class, how ever I do not know how to extract the child class out again from that array so i may access its variable b.
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Jan 6, 2015
Let's say I have a Car object , and it contains inner Engine object.
Code:
struct Car{
Engine mEngine;
};
In order to initialize the engine object NOT by the default constructor (if it has any) , we use initialization semantics:
Code:
Car::Car:
mEngin(arg1,arg2,...)
{
other stuff here
}
Now it gets tricky: Let's say a Car objects has 10 inner objects, each object has about 5 variables in it . Car is a base class for , e.g. , Toyota class. you don't want the Car class to have a constructor with 50 arguments. Can the inner objects of Car be initialized from the base class , e.g. Toyota?
Code:
class Toyota:
Car(...),
mEngine(...),
mGear(..)
{
...
};
The other options are:
1) like said , create a Car constructor which gets 50 arguments, then initialize Car as whole from Toyota - the code becomes less readable and less intuitive
2) Car constructor which get built-objects as arguments and initialize the inner objects with copy constructor . the code gets more readable but then you create many excess objects .
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Feb 4, 2014
So I have a base class, lets call it base. In base I have a virtual function called update(), update just couts "base" then I have a class derived from base called derived;
it has a function called update(), update just couts "derived" then I create a vector called Vec it's initialised like this:
std::vector<base> Vec;
then I add an element into it like this
Derived DerElement;
Vec.push_back(DerElement);
then when I type:
for (int i=0; i<Vec.size(); i++) {
Vec.at(i).Update();
}
It outputs:
Derived DerElement2;
DerElement2.Update();
and it outputs this:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
class Base {
public:
virtual void Update() {
[Code] .....
and this is it's output:
Base
Derived
Press any key to continue . . .
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