C++ :: Overloading Output Stream And Pure Virtual Functions?
Aug 7, 2013
I'm working with inheritance and pure virtual functions, and I want to overload an output stream operator. However, every time I run the program I get this: 0x7fff00ee98c0.
I'll include a base class and a derived class so you can see what I'm talking about.
Base:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#ifndef _Insurance_h_
#define _Insurance_h_
[Code]....
The application is something like this (I'm assuming the user has already inputted the name, salesperson, make, model, etc):
#include "Auto.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
vector<Insurance *> sales;
[Code] .....
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Jan 26, 2013
when I should use pure virtual functions.On the one hand, "TOY" for example should be an abstract class since theres no such thing as "TOY" , there are "toy cars", "toy fighters" etc , but on the other hand I need to force it somehow to be abstract since theres no really a function that any toy should have and implement on his own way (except PRINT maybe).
when I should REALLY use pure virtual functions? And if I want to avoid people from creating TOY objects (for example), the only way is PURE virtual functions. right?
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Jan 24, 2014
I have an AbstractAgent base class that manages a background thread. The actual work done in the background thread is accomplished through a pure virtual function call.
Here's the problem: because the base class is initialized prior to the derived class, there is a race condition in which the pure virtual call might occur before the derived class is initialized. Likewise, on teardown the derived class might deconstruct before the base class destructor has a chance to stop the thread.
I'd like to know if there are any well-known patterns for dealing with this problem. All I can think of is providing start() and stop() methods which can be called from the most-derived class's constructor/destructor, but that strikes me as inelegant.
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Jul 12, 2014
I'm currently making a game and what happens is that during runtime, it suddenly closes and a message is shown in the console saying "Pure virtual function called at runtime".
Here is the code: [URL]
The problem seems to occur somewhere between lines 662 - 695. And it seems to only happen when the size of the vector reaches 1.
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Jul 11, 2012
I develop add-ons for MS Flight Simulator and I use the poorly documented SDK for this. The SDK provides a .h file in which an interface class is defined (with pure virtual methods only), something like this:
Code:
class IPanelCCallback {
public:
virtual IPanelCCallback* QueryInterface (PCSTRINGZ pszInterface) = 0;
virtual bool ConvertStringToProperty (PCSTRINGZ keyword, SINT32* pID) = 0;
virtual bool ConvertPropertyToString (SINT32 id, PPCSTRINGZ pKeyword) = 0;
};
In my code, I use this interface like this:
Code:
IPanelCCallback* pCallBack = panel_get_registered_c_callback("fs9gps");
...
SINT32 id;
pCallBack->ConvertStringToProperty(propertyName, &id);
Everything works fine, but I don't understand why... I thought the linker would stop with an "undefined symbol" error because the IPanelCCallback methods, such as ConvertStringToProperty, are declared as pure virtual but defined nowhere, and I don't use any library for linking. With such an interface class, I thought I would have to defined a subclass of IPanelCCallback and define the ConvertStringToProperty method.
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Oct 1, 2013
I wrote a class that can display fractions ex. 1/4 and I cannot figure out how to get >> to process 1/4 and separate them into variables numerator and denominator.
my program just constantly creates RationalNumber Objects when it reaches cin >> A .
my overloaded stream extraction function:
istream& operator >> (istream& in, const RationalNumber& rn)
{
char L;
[Code].....
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Apr 16, 2014
S I want to have different >> operators for several derived classes. Has I tested...
Code: class base{
friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & in, base & v);
public:
base();
[Code]......
I noticed that the base operator is the only one being called for all 3 objects. which makes sense and now that I think about it I am more surprised that the "derived operators" compiled at all.
Still, how would I go about declaring different overloaded operators for the different classes?
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Jul 26, 2012
Try to implement overloading << operator. If I done it void then everything work fine (see comment out) if I make it class of ostream& then the operator return to me some memory address.
Code:
#ifndef Point_HPP // anti multiply including gates
#define Point_HPP
#include <sstream>
class Point {
private:// declaration of private data members
double x;// X coordinate
double y;// Y coordinate
[Code] .....
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Jan 31, 2014
I was reading about the CRTP, and I can't for the life of me understand it's advantages over virtual functions.
Unless you're coding embedded systems, and can't afford the few extra bytes for the vptr, or coding something requiring high-performance, where every nanosecond counts, I just don't see why the CRTP is so attractive. It just adds more text and forces every user class that wants to use the CRTP'd hierarchy to become a template class.
I tried implementing my Functor hierarchy with the CRTP instead of virtual functions...All it did was clutter my files with angle brackets and made the whole thing look very ugly.
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May 2, 2014
if we do a virtual functions(polymorphism) why we need re-declare the functions(when we create a new class derived from other)?
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Mar 4, 2014
I am wondering is there a way to make function A uses random number stream say starting from srand(1) and function B uses random number stream say starting from srand(2) in the same program.
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Oct 14, 2013
I try the functions pointers too, but without success. I understand the objects are the way for work with class's. until here fine. But why i can't change the virtual functions from an object? is there anyway for do it? Ican't do, outside of classfunctions, these code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class test {
public:
virtual void created(){};
[Code] ....
How i can validate these line:
void a::created()
???
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Oct 19, 2014
I recall when I first started playing with C++ I was told that you should never use virtual functions unless you absolutely cannot think of a better way to do whatever you are attempting. This is something I have tried to stick to over the years - and indeed is probably why I have never used inheritance or polymorphism much in my own programmes.
However, I notice through a great deal of the code examples offered to questions here and even over on StackOverflow that commentators show no hesitation to recommend code that involves virtual functions. More so, I have even seen several instances here where - what I was taught as, but they may well have a different official name - 'pure virtual functions' (those with definitions inside a class of something like virtual int function_name(void)=0) are demonstrated and I was very clearly taught to avoid those like the plague.
I was wondering therefore has the official thinking changed since the middle nineties on when - and even whether - to use virtual functions in your programmes?
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Feb 15, 2013
Is it possible to do something like this:
class A //parent {
public:
virtual void DoSomething() = 0;
};
class B : public A //child {
public:
void DoSomething(string s) override;
}
Where the child member function overrides and changes the parents member function.
I need to pass an array of key states to the Controller class' Update() function but don't want to send it to every class derived from Object (like Controller).
Is this possible or do I have to overload the original Update() member function (but I would need to define the method in Object then (i.e remove the pure virtual function (=0)))
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Sep 11, 2014
So I have 2 seperate base classes, (note that I removed the variables and functions that do not relate to the topic) Object.h
class Object{
public:
Object();
~Object();
[Code].....
The error I get is saying I am calling a function declared with one calling convention with a function pointer declared with a different calling convention and this makes perfect sense because for some reason, the function pointer is pointed at the virtual function Object::update but I can't figure out why and how to make it point at the virtual function Drawable::getImage.
Also, the virtual update function is called in a different place just before this and works correctly.
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Apr 27, 2013
How to finish these two remaining operator overloading functions
Also, "contents and NumItems are private"
Code:
Bag operator+ (const Bag& b1, const Bag& b2);
//Postcondition: the bag returned is the union of b1 and b2.
ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const Bag&);
//Overloading operator <<
[Code] .....
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Apr 24, 2014
For my project, my professor is going to test each of our functions. And the functions of type string, he is going to input a value from 1-1 billion(from our calling program) and it should work. However it is not working. I tried putting in a value greater than 9, but it only prints out 1 + x. It should print whatever value I decided to input.
// COverloadingProj.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "OverLoadingHeader.h"
[Code].....
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May 3, 2013
Can an overloaded operator be a friend function?
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Apr 13, 2014
I'm writing a program that calculate the carbon footprint for car, building, and bicycle. i have three classes building, car, bicycle. class called carbonfootprint have the pure virtual and should have the formula, but i didn't find it. having a little bit hard understanding some requests. like,
• Write an abstract class CarbonFootprint with only a pure virtual getCarbonFootprint method. Have each of your classes inherit from that abstract class and implement the getCarbonFootprint method to calculate an appropriate carbon footprint for that class.
• The main() function in the given program creates objects of each of the three classes, places pointers to those objects in a vector of CarbonFootprint pointers. You need to iterate through the vector, polymorphically invoking each object’s getCarbonFootprint method.
// Test program for CarbonFootprint and implementing classes.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
vector< CarbonFootprint* > list;
// add elements to list
[Code] ....
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Jul 1, 2014
I am trying to write a function that extracts chunks of numbers from a stream (ie if i had "ui33ui24ui23hjdwejf" it would extract the chunk 33), and its finished, but it wont compile. errors here: [URL] ...... its only one line in an include file, but im stumped. anyways, this is the most updated version of the code: [URL] .....
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Mar 31, 2013
I'm trying to overload operator<<, but I get an error saying 'ostream' does not name a type. Am I forgetting to declare something else? ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, Struct &b);I made sure to #include <iostream> too.
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Oct 4, 2013
I want to take the standard output of a shell command (in Red Hat, using tcsh, in my case) and redirect it into my program for processing.
(Then ideally I would love to take the output of my program and redirect it to yet another command, but this is a second issue.) Simple example: I naively thought this might work:
I want to type this on the shell:
Code: $ echo Harry > hello and I was expecting this output on my terminal:
Code: $ hello, Harry And this would be my simple hello program:
Code: #include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string usrInput;
std::cin >> usrInput;
std::cout << "hello, " << usrInput << std::endl;
return 0;
}
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May 10, 2014
Instead of this:
#include <iostream>
struct Object {
int size; // Want to avoid this because size is (almost always) constant
Object (int s): size(s) {} // for every Object subtype.
[Code] ....
I want this:
#include <iostream>
struct Object {
virtual int getSize() const = 0;
};
struct Block: Object {
int getSize() const {return 5;} // always 5, except once in a blue moon it may change
[Code] ....
The Decorator Pattern works (getSize() can then return 6) but it is a poor choice for my program because it will cause more problems (due to many containers holding its old address, among other things. Any way to achieve this without any change of address, and without creating new storage somewhere, either inside the class or outside the class (too much responsibility to follow that stored value for the rest of the program just for this rare change, and creating a data member uses up too much memory for the many, many Block instances)?
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Dec 30, 2013
1st Question: I have three different classes A, B, and C; and correspondingly overloaded the insertion stream operator(<<) for all three classes. Classes A and B each have objects of class C as private data members. I am seeking a scheme whereby the << operator behaves differently for class C objects when an object of class A is to be printed from when an object of class B is to be printed. In other words, I want to have one << operator function invoked for class C when the object in question is of class A and another << operator function called for class C when the object in question is of class B. Is this realizable?
2nd Question: I have a derived class that uses a search function defined in an 'inaccessible' linked-list base class. By inaccessible, I mean I cannot change the contents of any of the member functions of this base class. The search function has three cout statements that print string literals showing results of the search operation if:
a. list is empty
b. search item is found in the list
c. search item is not found in the list upon searching
I am seeking a scheme whereby, instead of displaying the results of the search operation on the standard output (i.e. screen), a function I write can capture these string literals as input parameters, and process them for a Boolean value return. Is it possible to preclude the printing of the literals on the screen in this manner?
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Dec 24, 2014
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date {
private:
int month, day, year;
public:
// class constructors can be overloaded
Date(int m, int d, int y) {
[Code] ....
Actually ,I'm not sure whether my understanding of operator>> function is correct. Here is my understanding of operator>> function.....
operator>> function takes Date object as argument from main function and it reads data from the console using istream(This is all I know about istream) into the new Date object which is created by operator>> function..
This is all I know about operator>> function...I really don't know why it has to return istream reference(I know the return type is istream, but other than that ? I want to know why operator>> function creates new Date object ? It already has a reference to Date object ....why not simply set the values of the already existing Date object instead of creating one..?
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Jun 30, 2013
I wrote a simple Complex Class and overload input/output and +/- Operators in it!But there is something that doesn't work correctly!I can print an object of that class but I can't print sum of two object or something like that!
Code:
#ifndef COMPLEX_H
#define COMPLEX_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &, const Complex &);
[Code] .....
cout << c3 is Working fine But cout << c1 + c2 is not giving me correct output!
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